CBSE CS and IP

CBSE Class 11 & 12 Computer Science and Informatics Practices Python Materials, Video Lecture

Showing posts with label Class 11 IP. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Class 11 IP. Show all posts

How To Download and Install Python

Python Installation on Windows


DataCamp

In this post, I am going to discuss How to install Python (32 bit / 64 bit) in your computer (Windows 10 OS, Windows 7). To install the python you have to download the python from python.org. Python is free and Open-source. You can also find its source code on the internet.

In this website you will find the different versions of the Python, so you have to choose the latest version every time.

Step 1:- 

  1. Firstly click on this link Download Python.
  2. Now you will see this web Page:
python.org

Step 2  (Download for 32-bit Windows):-

  1. Now click on the "Download" option.
  2. Now you will find "Download for windows"  click on"Python 3.*.*" (Latest Version).
How to install python

Step 3 (For 32 Bit Operating System):-  

  1.  After the click , you can see on .exe file is downloading.
How to install python

Step 3 (For 64-bit Operating System)-:

  1. If you want to download Python for "64-bit windows" then scroll down in the page then you will find heading files. Then click on this link "Windows x86 64 executable installer".
  2. This will download a 64 bit Python installer.

How to install python


Step 4 

  1. Click on the Installer.
  2. Now, you can see pop up Window, so click Yes the button.

step 5:-

After clicking Yes, you will see the window as shown below. Tick "Add Python 3.* to Path". This will help you access python from anywhere in your windows OS.  

How to install Python

Step 6:-

Now you will find that the Python is installing. Let the Installation finish.
How to install python


Step 7:- 

After Successful installation, you will get the following message. That means the Python installation is successful. 
How to install Python

Step 9:-

Now you can go to start and search Python, you will find the python in your windows. Now you can access the Python from there.
How to install Python





Language Processors in Python



PYTHON LANGUAGE PROCESSORS


Today, we will tell you to class 11 and class 12 subjects computer science and informatics practices topic a "language processor" in the basics of Python. There are two types of languages in terms of computers. One which is near to the computer is called Low-Level Language and One that is near to human is called High-Level Language
  • High-level language (HLL) - When a programmer writes a program, he uses High-level language.
    Examples of High-Level Language:- C, C++, Java, Python etc.
  • Low-level language (LLL) - Computer understands the program in 0 and 1 binary code called machine language. A High-Level language can not be directly understood by a computer.
    Examples of Low-Level Language:- Machine Language, Assembly Language.
Since Computer understands Machine Language, hence there is a need to convert High-Level Language (Ex:- Python) to Low-Level Language (Ex:- Machine Language). For this purpose, Language Processors are used. 

Language Processors are programs that convert the High-level language (source code) into Low-Level Language (machine code). Language Processors are also called Language Translators

Before going further, you must know the following terms:
  • Language Translator -: A program that transforms a high-level computer language to Machine Language is called a computer Language Translator. 
  • Source Code -: A Source code is a high-level language that is understandable by us, humansThe computer language in which the original Program is written is called Source Language.
  • Object Code -:  An Object Code is a Low-Level Language that is understandable by Computer. The Object Code is also Called Byte Code or Binary Code because it is in binary (0/1) form.
  • Machine Code -: Machine Code is also in binary (0/1) form and is a Low-Level Language. But is different from Object code. It is machine-specific. Linker produces executable machine code on a particular machine using Object Code.
  • Assembly Language-: It is a Low-Level Language. But, it is different from the Object Code or Machine Code. It has the instruct actions in the form of coding, which is converted to Machine language before execution.
    Example of Assembly Language code to add two numbers:-
    mov reg1 , 3
    mov reg2 , 4
    add reg1 , reg2 , reg3

Types of Language Processor / Language Translator

There are three different types of Language Processors or Language Translators:
  1. Assembler
  2. Compiler
  3. Interpreter
Let us now discuss each one by one.

1. What is Assembler?

An Assembler converts "assembly language"  into "Machine language". Assembly language Program has its own syntaxes and can be written by Computer Programmers.

2. What is a Compiler?

A compiler is a translator that converts "source code" (High-Level Language) into "Machine Language" (Low-Level Language) all at once. If there is an error in the Source Code, Nothing will execute.

A compiler is a group of one or more computer programs that transform programs written in the higher-level language into another language (Assembly or Machine Language). The compiler is used in a high-level programming language such as C, C++, java, etc.

C, C++,  java, etc. are High-Level Programming Language, these also need to be translated into machine language so that the computer can understand them. 

Decompiler -:

As the name suggests it is opposite to Compiler. Computer Programs that produce a high-level language program by collocating a low-level computer language program are called Decompiler. 

3. What is an Interpreter?

The interpreter is used for converting a "high-level language" code into "Machine Language" code line by line. If an error occurs in any line, it stops there and does not proceed until that error is corrected. 

An interpreter is a computer program that is used to run instructions written in a programming language code line by line. It translates program line by line at a time. The interpreter is used with programming languages like Python, Ruby, javascript, etc.


Difference Between Compiler & Interpreter




CompilerInterpreter
It converts high-level language code to machine code in one session.It converts high-level language to machine language.
The compiler translates the entire program.The interpreter reads line by line program,
It takes time because it has to translate high-level code into low-level code.It works as a compiler for translating programming code to machine code, but it reads the code line by line and immediately executes it.
The compiler needs more memory than an interpreter.The interpreter needs less memory than the compiler.
It is initially slower than an Interpreter.It is initially faster than a compiler.
Compilers take a large amount of time to analyze the source code.An interpreter analyses the source code in less amount of time.
The overall execution time of the compiler is faster than interpreters.Overall execution time is comparatively slower than interpreters.
Translate the program as a whole-time into machine code.Translate program one statement at a time.
No intermediate object code is generated.Generates an intermediate object code.
If there is an error in the program then it shows in last.If there is an error in any line, first it corrects that error then moves ahead. It Is converting and executing the program line by line.
Debugging in a Compiler is not easy.Debugging in Interpreter is easy.
It is used in a programming language like Python, Javascript, Ruby, etc. It is used in a programming language like C, C++, Java, etc.
Compiled code run fasterInterpreted code run slower.


How does a Compiler & Interpreter work?

Compiler and Interpreter both convert High-Level Language to Low-Level Language. Then you will have questions then what is the difference between interpreter and compiler.

The main difference between compiler and interpreter is that compiler converts High-level language (Source Code) to Low-Level Language (Object Code) at once and the Interpreter converts High-level language (Source Code) to Low-Level Language (Object Code) Line by Line.

The compiler takes the full source code and makes the Binary Code or Object Code at once if there is an error in the program then none of the lines will execute.

In the case of the Interpreter, it takes the source code line by line and converts it into Object code then executes it. For example, if  I have 1000 lines of code and line number 501 is having some syntax error, then all the statements till line number 500 will be executed and the program will give an error at line number 501.

Python Modes

Here we are going to learn about two basic modes of Python:-
  1. Interactive Mode
  2. Script Mode

Interactive Mode -:

  1. Interactive mode is used for running a single line or single block of code.
  2. Interactive mode runs very quickly and gives the output instantly.
  3. Editing the written code is a tough task in interactive mode.

Script Mode  -:

  1. Script mode is used to work with lengthy codes or multiple blocks of code.
  2. Script mode takes more time to compile and run.
  3. Script mode gives flexible editing options.

How to run Python in Interactive Mode

To run Python in interactive mode follow the given steps:
  • Step 1 - Go to Start and search "Python"

    Interactive Mode in Python


  • Step 2 - It will show the installed python black command prompt window. Open it

    Python command prompt window


  • Step 3 - You can now start working on it.

How to run Python in Script Mode

To execute the python program in Script Mode follow the following steps:
  • Step 1 - Go to Start and Search "Python"

    Python Script Mode

  • Step 2- Here you will find IDLE Python with your installed Python version.

    Python script mode.png

  • Step 3 - Now under this IDLE (Integrated Development Environment), you will find the option file. Using this you can create a Python Script (program) and save it with the ".py" extension.

    Python script mode

  • Step 4 - In the same window, there is Option Run. After writing the Full Python Program you can run your program by clicking this menu button. 


Basics of Python Programming

Basics of Python



Friends you must have heard the name of  "Python". If you don't have any knowledge about it and you want to learn "python programming language", then this article is for you. In this article, you will learn about the Basics of the Python programming language.

If you want to become a successful Programmer with working knowledge of the latest technology, then python is the best programming language for you. Python is very simple and one step ahead of other programming language.

Python is the most popular language for programmers as it is used in everything from "web development"  to "software development" and from "scientific application making" to "Data Analytics".

So now you will get introduced to a new programming language Python. I promise this programming language will make you a big programming fan.

History Of Python

Python is an interpreted, highly powerful Object-Oriented Programming Language created by "Guldo van Rossum". It was first released on the year 1991. Python is a dynamically typed Programming language that supports multiple programming paradigms. 

Pythons first version 1.0 was introduced in 1994. After this, many versions and updates of Python were released and still releasing.

Python is a high-level programming language yet as powerful as many other middle levels not so high-level languages like "C, C++, java" etc.


What Is Python?

Python is an "Object-Oriented High-Level Programming Language". It is used for "Website Building", "App development", "Machine Learning", "Data analysis" and "Natural Language Processing". Python is also called a general-purpose programming language, 

Because of the clear syntax and readability of the python language, it has become the most popular language in the world today. Python features like "dynamic typing" and "dynamic binding" made it more powerful. Python language is an Interpreted language and not a compiled language. This makes debugging python easy.



The most important thing in python is, No curly brackets '{', '}' are required to write python code like other languages. We have to use indentation instead of curly brackets.

Features of Python

Python provides various features which made it one of the most popular programming languages. Some of the important features are:
  1. Easy to use -:  Python is a very easy-to-use Object-oriented Language with very simple programming rules. It is high level and programmer-friendly language. Python syntaxes can be learned with little effort. Despite having a high-level programming language, Python codes are easy to understand and learn like the English language.
  2. Free Language -: Python is a completely free language. We do not have to pay any money to download, use and code.
  3. Expressive Language -: It is capable of expressing the code's purpose more than many other languages. 
  4. Interpreted Language -:  Python language is interpreted language, not a compiled language. That means it executed out code line by line. This makes it easy to debug.
  5. Open-source language -: Python is an open-source language. That means you can modify, improve or extend it.
  6. Variety of application -: Python can be used for various purposes like Scripting, Web application, Game development, Database Application, GUI Programs.
  7. Embedded -: Python has fully embedded means other programming language code can be inserted in its source code and python code can be inserted in the source code of other languages.
  8. Large standard library -: When we download python it also provides a large library of code with it. Because of it you do not have to write your code for everything. This gives us a rich set of modules and functions for rapid application development.


Why Python is Used?

There are many advantages and features that make Python a better language than others. Since it is an Open Source Language it has vast support of external libraries. There are libraries available for almost every type of work. That's why with python you have to code less.
External libraries work like plug and play, you can import any external libraries, and then you can start using them.

Python is can be used for various types of work, few examples are given below: 
  1. Desktop GUI Applications -: Python can be used for developing desktop GUI applications. Some of the libraries are Tkinter, Camelot, Kivy, PyGTK, etc.
  2. Web Development / Web application -: You can use python for developing Websites and Web applications. Python has pre-built libraries and Web frameworks. It is especially great for using on backend Web development projects. Python libraries can help integrate protocol such as "HTTPS, FTP, SSL" & help processing for "JSON, XML, E-mail".
  3. Scientific Computing / Data Science -: Python is also used for scientific research and computing like Astropy for astronomy, Biopython for biology and bioinformatics, Graph tool for statistical analysis of graphs.
  4. Open Source Frameworks and tools -: Python is an open-source programming language. You can use several open-source python frameworks, Libraries, and Development tools.
  5. Robust Standard Library -: Its large and robust standard library makes python score over other programming languages.
  6. Natural language process -: There are already available NLP libraries, that can be used for Natural Language Processing. Ex:- spacy, coreNLP, NLTK etc.
  7. Machine Learning -: Python machine learning libraries have become the most useful libraries for ML algorithms.
There are many other works that can be done by python like Video Game Development, Entertainment Applications, Audio, and Video Applications, CAD (Computer-aided Design) Applications, etc.

What is the advantage of Python? 


  1. The presence of Third Party Modules makes python more powerful. Most of the python third-party module makes python capable to interact with other languages.   
  2. Python has large Extensive Support Libraries which include internet protocols, string operations, web services tools, and operating system interfaces.
  3. Python is Open Source Language and Developed by a Community. Since it is developed under Open Source Licence it is free to use and distribute. 
  4. Python Offers Easy to Learn Syntax and excellent readability
  5. It offers User-friendly Data Structures.
  6. It is faster in execution.

Top 10 Big Companies that are Using Python


Software - Purpose and Types (Class 11 Informatics Practices)

class 11 informatics practices Software and its type


In this post, you will learn about "what is the computer", "types of software" and  "Operating System".  

What is Software

Software is required to perform any specific task on the computer. 

  • Software is a group of instructions and programs, that instruct a  computer to complete a particulate task.
  • It gives the user the ability to work on the computer.
  • Programs that are required to operate the hardware of the computer, those programs are called software.  
As human can't exist without a brain, so as a computer without software.

Example:-
We use computers for various purposes and all these types of work cannot be done with the help of only one software.
Therefore different software is made according to the need of the work.

We can neither see the software with our eyes nor touch it with our hands.

The necessity of software -:
If there is no software on the computer, then the computer will become like an empty box and it will not perform any task.
Different software is required to perform different work on the computer.


Types of Software


Types of software

There are two types of software -:

Application Software -:

  • Application software is a program or group of programs designed for the end-user.
  • It is a software designed for the help of a user.
  • It can perform only one specific task.
  • Users can see and they perform tasks in front of the user.
  • There are different software for different uses.
Example    
If you want to do photos related works, then use for Photoshop.
If you want to see videos, then use a media player.



System Software -:

  • All the Softwares which make our Operating System are called System software.
  • They are used to operate the Computer Hardware and Application program and it allows the OS to interact with computer hardware.
  • Users can not see it, it runs in the background.
  • The system software automatically installed, when you install the operating system.


Operating System



  • Operating System is a System Software.
  • The Operating system act as an intermediary between the users and the computer system.
  • It explains our instructions to the computer.
  • The operating system controls and operates the entire computer.
  • When the user gives instructions to the computer, the conversation between the hardware and operating system, we and the user do not know about it, because this information is useless for us. therefore it is hidden, thus we can see only the answer and the output.
  • How much to memory allocated to a particular task, which hardware to inform. the operating system does all this work.
  • maintain all devices connected to the computer.
Name of Operating System


How does the operating system work

You can easily understand the working of an Operating System by the below-given diagram. As we know OS (Operating System) provides the user with an interface to interact with the computer hardware so that the user can use the Hardware according to his need.
how operating system works
Operating System of any computer is used to directly interact with the Hardware. Different software applications can be installed on the OS of any computer. The user of the computer interact with the Applications and in turn, these applications interact with OS which gives necessary instructions to Computer Hardware. 



Computer Memory

computer memory

What is Computer Memory:-
  • Memory is like the brain, which keeps computer data.
  • When the Input device sends data, it is saved in memory.
  • Where Computer Instructions, Results, or Information are saved; that is called Computer Memory.
Types Of Computer Memory:-
Types of Computer Memory 
Primary Memory
  • Primary memory stores data and instructions. It is also called the Main memory.
  • Primary Memory stays inside the CPU.
  • It has a lot of data processing capability.
  • It is called Volatile Memory because it lost the data when electricity is switched off. That means It cannot store the data permanently.
    Types of Primary Memory
    Types Of Primary Memory
  • It is directly accessed by the CPU. This includes several types of memory, such as the cache and ROM. However, in most cases, Primary Memory refers to RAM.
-R.A.M (Random Access Memory)-:
  • R.A.M. is a temporary Memory.
  • When a user gives the input, then firstly data saved in R.A.M. C.P.U. send only important data for further processing.
  • RAM lost the data when electricity is switched off, that's why it is called Volatile Memory.
R.A.M Capacity 
4MB , 8MB , 16MB , 32MB ,  64MB , 128MB , 256MB.

SRAM  (Static random access memory):-
  • S.R.A.M. is a form of semiconductor memory, which is made up of Transistors No Capacitor.
  • S.R.A.M. is used for microprocessors and electronic devices.
  • S.R.A.M. has low refresh, so data is saved for a long time
  • S.R.A.M. is costly as compare to D.R.A.M.
D.R.A.M. (Dynamic Random Access Memory):-
  • D.R.A.M. is a form of semiconductor memory, which is made up of Capacitor and Transistor.
  • D.R.A.M. is used for personal computer and workstation server.
  • D.R.A.M. needs to refresh very quickly.
  • D.R.A.M. refreshes thousands of times in 1 second. so data does not save for a long time.
  • D.R.A.M. speed is very slow compare to S.R.A.M.
-R.O.M (Read Only Memory) -:
  • R.O.M. is a permanent memory.
  • Programs are stored in R.O.M. when the computer is in production.
  • It does not lose the data when electricity is switched off. That is why ROM is called a Non Volatile Memory.
  • R.O.M. data can only be read.
P.R.O.M. (Programmable Read-only Memory):-
  • P.R.O.M. is a form of digital memory.
  • Data is saved to permanent.
  • Once saved data, can not be erased or changed.
E.P.R.O.M. (Erasable Programmable Read-only Memory)-:
  • E.P.R.O.M.is a form of digital memory.
  • E.P.R.O.M. can be erased or re-used.
  • E.P.R.O.M. data can be erased by ultraviolet rays.
E.E.P.R.O.M. (Electrical Programmable Read-only Memory)-:
  • E.E.P.R.O.M. is a user-modifiable read-only memory.
  • data is can be erased through the electrical voltage method and can be rewritten.
Secondary Memory
  • Secondary memory keeps data and programs for a long term basis (Permanently).
  • It is of Large Capacity and Stores the Data Permanently.
  • Secondary memory is not directly connected to the CPU.
  • Hard Disk is generally referred to as Secondary Memory.  
  • It capacity is more in terabytes and it handles large data.
  • It is cheaper than primary memory.
Example-
Hard-disk, CD drive, CD ROM, DVD Drive, etc.

Cache Memory 
  • Cache Memory is unstable computer memory.
  • Cache Memory is a very special high-speed memory.
  • Cache Memory holds data that is used by the CPU frequently. So that it is requested by the CPU when needed and then CPU gets the data immediately.
  • Cache memory capacity is very low as compared to RAM and Hard disk.
  • Cache Memory is very costly.
  • Cache Memory is available on a microprocessor chip.
  • Cache Memory stores the data of the currently running program.
  • Cache Memory stores the temporary data.
Working of Cache Memory
Working of Cache Memory

Working of Cache Memory:-

  1. Cache memory resides on a microprocessor chip, it is the nearest to the CPU as compared to other kinds of memories.
  2. Computer data is stored permanently on Secondary Memory (Hard Disk). whenever User wants to process something in Computer the data comes to Primary Memory (RAM) from Secondary Memory.
  3. Now the data which is in RAM will be processed by the CPU. Now the Cache memories role comes into play.
  4. Because Cache Memory is an On-Chip memory, hence it can communicate with the CPU in a very fast manner. So, it stores the intermediate result of any operation.


Size Vs Speed of Computer Memory -:

Size Vs Speed of Computer Memory


As shown in the above diagram as the size of the memory increases the speed reduces. The cache memory has more speed than RAM and Hard Disk.


Components of a Computer System

components of computer CLASS XI INFORMATICS PRACTICES

There are few main components that are required to make the computer functional. These components are :
  1. Input Unit
  2. Central Processing unit     
  3. Primary Memory (Main Memory)
  4. Secondary Memory
  5. Control Unit (CU)
  6. Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)
You can understand the working of computer by using the following diagram :
Components of a Computer System
Input Unit (Keyboard, Mouse, etc.) gives the input to the CPU (Central Processing Unit). This CPU consists of CU (Control Unit), Memory Unit, ALU (Arithmetic logical Unit). Control Unit Controls all the Operation inside the CPU, Memory Unit is used to store the intermediate result and ALU performs the Arithmetic and Logical Operations. Finally the Output will be sent to Output Unit (Monitor, Printer, etc.) . Here are the steps that is followed by any computer for processing :

  1. Input Unit give the Input to the Control Unit of CPU(central Processing Unit. (This Control Unit Controls the Operation inside the CPU. It takes necessary actions for execution of any operation.)
  2. Control Unit then send the signal to Memory Unit to take the Data from Hard Disk (Secondary Memory) and Store it in RAM (Primary Memory). (Memory Unit comprises of RAM - Random Access Memory and Secondary Memory-Hard Disk).
  3. After receiving the data from Hard Disk the RAM sends Signal to Control Unit, which then connects with ALU and asks it to perform the Operation with the help of Memory Unit.
  4. After performing the operation and getting the result the ALU, sends the Signal to Control Unit that the result is ready and Stored in RAM.
  5. Then Control Unit send the Signal to Output Device that the result is ready in Memory Unit and Collect it from Memory Unit.
  6. Now the Output Unit Gives the Output.

Input Unit -: 

  • We give to input through Input device like keyboard or mouse,Then entering data according to user instruction.
  • It accept the data and instruction.
  • It covert the data and instruction to computer format.
  • It converted data and instruction to the computer for further Processing.

Central Processing Unit -:

  • C.P.U. is the brain to computer.
  • C.P.U is responsible for all processing inside the computer.
  • C.PU. is perform all arithmetic and logical operation.
  • C.P.U is given  data and instruction through programs.
  • C.P.U. stores the result back to memory.

Primary Memory -:

  • Primary memory stored data and instruction.

Secondary Memory -:

  • Secondary memory kept data and programs long term basis.

Arithmetic Logic Unit -:

  • Data entered the computer is sent to RAM from where it is then sent to A.L.U.
  • A.L.U. performs the all arithmetic (Addition,Subtraction,Multiplication,Division )  and logicical operation(<,>,=,<=,>=!) inside the computer.
  • A.L.U. perform this operation and send data to Control unit (Main Memory).

Control Unit-:

  • C.U. accept  (when data send to A.L.U.) the data  and working on decision making.
  • C.U. is responsible for selecting , Interpreting , and execution Program.
  • C.U. is decide to  "When data received , Where data send ,Where data execute".
  • C.U. sent final result to output device.

Output Unit -:

  • It accept the result produce by the CU.
  • It supplied the result and information to the outside world. 
  • Output device is convert to digital operation into human understandable format.

Register -:

  • C.P.U stores the data as well as instructions in its local memory 
  • Register is the part of C.P.U. Chip.
  • Register are used for storing data , instruction and result.

Introduction to computer and computing

Nowadays, there is no part of our daily life which is untouched by computer. There is a 0% possibility that somebody has not heard the word Computer. Uses of a computer system in our daily life has increased so much that we can't assume our life without it.

As a Basic Learner of Computer, all your doubts about computer will be clear after reading this small article about the computer.
    So, Now we will discuss in detail "What is computer", "Introduction to computer system",  "basic knowledge of computer",  "components of computer", "Input/Output device", "Computer memory". "Evolution Of Computer."

    COMPUTER

    What is Computer

    The word "Computer" comes from the word "Compute" which means "automatic calculation"
    A computer is an electronic device. which can store data and provide results according to instructions by the user.

    Type-  A computer system comes in various sizes and forms, It can vary from a Desktop, Laptop, Tablet, smartphone, etc.
    Input / Output - The computer can be programmed to accept data (input), process it, and generate results (output).

    You can make the full form of a computer by its Name.

     Full-Form of Computer
    • C – Commonly
    • O – Operated
    • M – Machine
    • P – Particularly
    • U – Used for
    • T – Technical
    • E – Education
    • R – Research
    Isn't it interesting, you can remember the definition of the computer by its name.

    Parts Of Computer System

    Parts-  (Hardware + Software) computer system consist of both "Hardware" & "Software"


    Hardware is a physical component ( We can touch).
          Example -  Mouse, Keyboard, Printer, etc.
    The software performs user instruction ( We can't touch, only see)
         Example -  Microsoft Word, Excel

      Basic Knowledge Of Computer


    Components of Computer
    Components of Computer System
    According to this diagram-  

    -  First of all, we have to give input through input devices like mouse, keyboard, etc,
    -  then application software sends this to the operating system, OS performs operations as per given instructions in the input.
    -  finally shows output at monitor or printer or other output devices.

    Input / Output Device

    Input/Output Devices


    Input Device:

    Keyboard -
    • The user gives data to the Computer using the keyboard
    • There are different keys to provide different data.
    Mouse -
    • The mouse gives a smooth way of interaction with the GUI (Graphical User Interface) of the Computer.
    • It takes its position on the computer screen relative to the surface where we move it by holding it in hand.
    Scanner -
    • It optically scans any object, picture, or handwritten notes and converts them to a digital image.
    • It is generally used in Offices to convert physical documents into digital forms.
    Joystick and Trackball are also input devices that give external input to computers.

    Output Device  :

    Monitor -
    • The monitor is used to display information in pictorial form.
    • It plays a vital role where the user can visually see the Output produces by the computer.
    Printer - 
    • It is used to make persistent representations of graphics or text, usually on paper.
    • The different types of printers include 3D printers, inkjet printers, laser printers, thermal printers, etc.
    Headset/Speaker -
    • It is used to give the Audio Output that can be heard by Listener.
    • When watching movies, Listening to Songs Headset/Speaker is useful.   



    Evolution Of Computer

    Evolution Of Computer

    1930s Computer - 
    • Konrad Zuse created what became known as the first Programmable computer that is called Z1.
    • It is a Calculating machine.

    1940s Computer - 
    • John Mauchly created the ENIAC during World War II to help the Army with ballistics analytics.
    • The machine could calculate thousands of problems each second.

    1950s Computer - 
    • Computers were used for scientific and engineering research. 
    • It is a helpful assistant for calculation

    1960s Computer -  
    • Computers were reserved for mathematicians and engineers in a lab setting.
    • 7 keys and a printer built-in. 

    1970s Computer - 
    • The Xerox Alto was created by personal computers. that could print documents and send emails.

    1980s Computer -  
    • When Steve Jobs introduced the first Macintosh computer in 1984.
    • facilities for windows and icons.

    1990s Computer -  
    • The iMac G3 included USB ports, a keyboard, and a mouse. It was meant to be portable and customizable. 
    • It stood for "internet," "innovation," and "individuality." 

    2000s Computer - 
    • Apple got rid of the CD drive and only included a USB port and a headphone jack. 
    • Including the MacBook Pro, iMac, Dell XPS, and iPhones.